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The writings of
the Gurus appears chronologically. Each of the Gurus signed their hymns
as Nanak. Their compositions are identified by the numerals at the beginning
of each hymn, ie. Mahalla 1 is Guru Nanak, Mahalla 2 is Guru Angad and
so on. These are then followed by those of other saints (Bhagtas) and
other contributors. Their are 3,384 hymns found in the Guru Granth Sahib
broken down by author are:
The
Gurus
Guru Nanak Dev: 974 hymns including sloks and pauris
Guru Angad Dev: 62 sloks
Guru Amar Das: 907 hymns including sloks and pauris
Guru Ram Das: 679 hymns including sloks and pauris
Guru Arjan Dev: 2,218 hymns including sloks and pauris
Guru Tegh Bahadur: 59 hymns and 56 sloks
Guru Gobind Singh: 1 slok
The
Bhagatas: Saints of various faiths
Kabir: 292 hymns
Bhagat Kabir
(1398 to 1495) was born to a Brahmin mother and raised by a muslim
step mother. Bhagat Kabir was a proponent of the Bhakti movement.
He lived as a householder, abhored the caste system and religious
rituals. He was an saintly apostle of peace, love and unity and a
great poet. Bhagat Kabir believed in inward purity, and was respected
by both Hindus and Muslims.
Namdev: 60 hymns
Bhagat Namdev
(1270 to 1350) was a celebrated saint from Maharashtra who travelled
extensively across the country. He lived in Punjab for a number of
years.
Ravidas: 41 hymns
A contemporary
of Bhagat Kabir and a disciple of Bhagat Ramanand, Bhagat Ravidas
represents the culmination of the Bhakti Movement. He came from a
low caste cobbler family but had many desciples because of his spirituality.
He stressed a life of simplicity and piety.
Sheikh Farid: 4 hymns and 130 sloks
Sheikh Farid
(1175 to 1265) was a muslim Sufi saint of great piety. He is considered
the father of Punjabi poetry. He was greatly loved for his kindness
and humanity. He stressed living a simple yet purposeful life concentrating
on One God.
Trilochan: 4 hymns
A contemporary
of Bhagat Kabir and a celebrated sain of the Vaish caste. He believed
in One God and condemned superficial rituals and stressed the holiness
of the heart.
Dhanna: 4 hymns
Bhagat Dhanna
was a Jat from Rajasthan who was born in 1415. He lived most of his
life as an idol worshipper but in later years became a worshipper
of One God and renounced all superstitious practices.
Beni: 3 hymns
Probobly a contemporary
of Bhagat Namdev, not much is known about him. He was unperturbed
by poverty and enjoyed a life of solitude enriched by his spiritual
persuits. He was a great scholar as is evident from his writings.
Sheikh Bhikan: 2 hymns
A muslim Sufi
scholar saint Sheikh Bhikan died in the early part of Akbar's reign.
He was one of the most learned men of his time. He believed that only
God's name can heal a diseased mind and body.
Jaidev: 2 hymns
Bhagat Jaidev
was a renowned poet laureate in the royal court of king Lakshman Sen
of Bengal. His famous work of peotry Gita Govinda is well known for
its poetic beauty and musical richness.
Surdas: 1 hymn
Bhagat Surdas
was a Brahmin born in 1529. He was learned in Sanskrit and Persian
and studied music and poetry. He was appointed a governor by emperor
Akbar, but was later imprisoned for dereliction of duty. Towards the
end of his life, he became a hermit and lived among holy men.
Parmanand: 1 hymn
Born in Maharashtra,
little is known about Bhagat Parmanand's life. It is believed that
he lived in Maharashtra and was a devotee of Krishna. He later became
a proponent of One God.
Pipa: 1 hymn
Born in 1425,
Bhagat Pipa was the king of the princely state of Gagaraungarh. He
abducated his throne, travelled extensively and became a disciple
of Bhagat Ramanand. He lived a life of extreme austerity and humility.
Ramanand: 1 hymn
Bhagat Ramanand,
a Brahmin was born in 1359 in Madras. He is regarded as the pioneer
of the Bhakti movement in northern India. A Vaishnava in his early
life, he became a worshipper of brahm and condemned the caste system.
Bhagat Kabir was the most renowned amongst his disciples.
Sadhna: 1 hymn
A butcher by
profession, Bhagat Sadhana was born in Sind. His piety and meditation
of God elevated him to saintly status. He was condemned by Brahmins
and on a false charge was arrested and buried alive.
Sain: 1 hymn
Bhagat Sain was
a barber of the royal court of Raja Ram, king of Rewa. He was a follower
of Bhagat Ramanand and Bhagat Kabir.
The
Bhatts
The Bhatts were
a group of musicians who lived in the sixteenth century. All of them
were scholars, poets and singers.
Kal: 49 Swayyas
Kalsahar: 4 Swayyas
Tal: 1 Swayya
Jalap: 4 Swayyas
Jal: 1 Swayya
Kirat: 8 Swayyas
Sal: 3 Swayyas
Bhal: 1 Swayya
Nal: 6 Swayyas
Bhikha: 2 Swayyas
Jalan: 2 Swayyas
Das: 1 Swayya
Gayand: 5 Swayyas
Sewak: 7 Swayyas
Mathura: 10 Swayyas
Bal: 5 Swayyas
Harbans: 2 Swayyas
Sikhs
Mardana: 3 sloks
Baba Mardana
was a rabab (rebeck) player who spent most of his life as a disciple
and musician of Guru Nanak. Born a Muslim, Baba Mardana was a childhood
friend of Guru Nanak and accompanied him on all his great travels.
Satta and Balwand: 1 Var
Satta was a rebeck
player who served Guru Angad, Guru Amar Das, Gur Ram Das and Guru
Arjun Dev. Along with his fellow musician Balwand they jointly composed
a ballad which appears in the Guru Granth Sahib.
Sunder: 1 hymn
Baba Sunder (1560-1610)
was the great grandson of Guru Amar Das. His composition called Sadd
(Calling) was written at the request of Guru Arjun Dev after the death
of Guru Ram Das.
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